When I think of the cave temple in Dambulla, I automatically think of "Dambala" – a reggae song by Exuma [1]: "Oh, Dambala, come Dambala." This might sound a bit peculiar, but at the time of my first visit to the caves – some 50 years ago – we listened to musicians like Exuma constantly; I still own a cassette tape of his, though I recently enjoyed listening to "Dambala" on YouTube.
The Dambulla Cave Temple (දඹුල්ල රජ මහා විහාර) – also known as the Dambulla Raja Maha Viharaya or the Golden Temple of Dambulla – has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the central part of Sri Lanka since 1991 [2]. A lengthy conservation project (1982–1996) was undertaken with the specific aim of preserving the eighteenth-century mural schemes found within the site. In 2003, the designated protection zone was expanded. This was a sensible measure, as the temple continues to serve as an active ritual center. In total, five temple caves are open to visitors; the largest of these measures 52 by 23 meters – covering an area of nearly 1,200 square meters. They offer ample space for both worshippers and tourists alike. As one approaches the caves, one is enveloped by the scent of the flowers offered as votives, and, of course, by the fragrance of incense.
Pre-Buddhist burial sites – estimated to be approximately 2,700 years old – have been discovered in the surrounding area, leading to the belief that the caves were inhabited in ancient times. There are other caves in the vicinity as well – about 80 in total. It is likely that the caves were transformed into a royal temple as early as the late 2nd century BCE, under the reign of King Walagamba of Anuradhapura. King Nishankamalla of Polonnaruwa is also worthy of mention, as he dedicated 70 Buddha statues to the temple in 1190 AD. The site is home to thousands of wall paintings, which depict, in particular, scenes from the life of the Buddha. In total, 2,300 square meters are covered with paintings. There are 153 Buddha statues, three statues of kings, as well as statues of Vishnu and Ganesha. The Wikipedia article offers very comprehensive descriptions. There is a noteworthy article from 2025 titled "The Sacred Caves of Dambulla: Where Rock Becomes Prayer" [3]. Quite fresh – barely a month old – is the article from the Impart Encyclopedia of Art [4]; notably, it features absolutely no people, which is a sensible approach for an article of this kind.
One must climb up to reach the cave temple, but the ascent is well worth the effort. And – incidentally – even non-Buddhists are permitted to bring flowers along with them. Please buy some from the vendors.
Links and Annotations:
[1] „Oh, Dambala, come Dambala / Oh, Dambala, come Dambala“ from the Lyrics [1a] of the song „Dambala“ [1b] by Exuma [1c], who already passed over nearly 30 years ago.
[1a] https://genius.com/Exuma-dambala-lyrics
[1b] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q4rXpaOhAU&t=11s
[1c] Macfarlane Gregory Anthony Mackey (1942-1997), aka Exuma, was a Bahamian musician, artist, playwright, and author.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exuma_(musician)
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dambulla_cave_temple and
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dambulla-H%C3%B6hlentempel
[3] The Sacred Caves of Dambulla: Where Rock Becomes Prayer
https://ceylonhistory.com/en/stories/dambulla-cave-temple/
[4] Impart Encyclopedia of Art (2026) Dambulla Cave Temple. Available at: https://imp-art.org/articles/dambulla-cave-temple/ (Accessed: 13 May 2026).
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[1] „Oh, Dambala, come Dambala / Oh, Dambala, come Dambala“ from the Lyrics [1a] of the song „Dambala“ [1b] by Exuma [1c], who already passed over nearly 30 years ago.
[1a] https://genius.com/Exuma-dambala-lyrics
[1b] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q4rXpaOhAU&t=11s
[1c] Macfarlane Gregory Anthony Mackey (1942-1997), aka Exuma, was a Bahamian musician, artist, playwright, and author.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exuma_(musician)
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dambulla_cave_temple and
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dambulla-H%C3%B6hlentempel
[3] The Sacred Caves of Dambulla: Where Rock Becomes Prayer
https://ceylonhistory.com/en/stories/dambulla-cave-temple/
[4] Impart Encyclopedia of Art (2026) Dambulla Cave Temple. Available at: https://imp-art.org/articles/dambulla-cave-temple/ (Accessed: 13 May 2026).
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